大鲵肝茶叶水提液脱腥过程中挥发性有机物的动态变化

目的：探讨茶叶水提液对大鲵肝的脱腥效果。方法：采用感官腥味值结合气相—离子迁移色谱(GC-IMS)分析经茶叶水提液处理不同时间(0，5，10，15，20 min)大鲵肝中挥发性成分的变化。结果：与未脱腥组相比，经茶叶水提液脱腥处理5 min后大鲵肝脏腥味值显著下降(P＜0.05)，处理10 min后腥味值基本稳定。不同脱腥时间下大鲵肝样品中共鉴定出32种挥发性有机物，包括10种醇类、8种醛类、5种酯类、5种酮类、3种烯烃类和1种醚类。经脱腥处理后，大鲵肝中醇、烯烃、醚、酯类物质相对含量下降，酮类和醛类物质相对含量增加。通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)结合变量投影重要性(VIP)筛选出10种潜在特征标志物(VIP＞1)，包括4种酮类、2种醇类、2种醛类、1种烯类和1种醚类。随着脱腥时间的延长，蘑菇醇、2-丁酮二聚体、异戊醇单体、2-丁酮单体相对含量呈降低趋势，而正己醛单体、异戊醛单体、丙酮相对含量呈增加趋势。结论：茶叶水提液处理5~10 min能够明显降低大鲵肝腥味，通过GC-IMS技术结合多元统计分析可以对脱腥过程中大鲵肝挥发性有机物进行区分。     

Reactivity of flavanols: Their fate in physical food processing and recent advances in their analysis by depolymerization

Flavanols, a subgroup of polyphenols, are secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties naturally produced in various plants (e.g., green tea, cocoa, grapes, and apples); they are a major polyphenol class in human foods and beverages, and have recognized effect on maintaining human health. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their changes (i.e., oxidation, polymerization, degradation, and epimerization) during various physical processing (i.e., heating, drying, mechanical shearing, high-pressure, ultrasound, and radiation) to improve the nutritional value of food products. However, the roles of flavanols, in particular for their polymerized forms, are often underestimated, for a large part because of analytical challenges: they are difficult to extract quantitatively, and their quantification demands chemical reactions. This review examines the existing data on the effects of different physical processing techniques on the content of flavanols and highlights the changes in epimerization and degree of polymerization, as well as some of the latest acidolysis methods for proanthocyanidin characterization and quantification. More and more evidence show that physical processing can affect content but also modify the structure of flavanols by promoting a series of internal reactions. The most important reactivity of flavanols in processing includes oxidative coupling and rearrangements, chain cleavage, structural rearrangements (e.g., polymerization, degradation, and epimerization), and addition to other macromolecules, that is, proteins and polysaccharides. Some acidolysis methods for the analysis of polymeric proanthocyanidins have been updated, which has contributed to complete analysis of proanthocyanidin structures in particular regarding their proportion of A-type proanthocyanidins and their degree of polymerization in various plants. However, future research is also needed to better extract and characterize high-polymer proanthocyanidins, whether in their native or modified forms.     

810酯/古马隆树脂并用对氢化丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究液体邻苯二甲酸正辛正癸酯（810酯）/固体古马隆树脂并用比对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）性能的影响。结果表明：810酯的增塑效果比古马隆树脂好;随着810酯/古马隆树脂并用比（总用量12份）减小,胶料的焦烧时间变化不大,硫化速度加快,硬度、拉断伸长率和粘合性能提高,拉伸强度略有下降,定伸应力和耐热老化性能先提高后降低;810酯/古马隆树脂并用比为8/4时,胶料的综合性能较好。     

无锡市区基坑土钉墙支护水平变形规律分析

针对无锡市区内常见地层情况,首次对收集得到的市区多个土钉墙支护基坑工程变形情况进行了分析,获得了无锡市区内此类基坑支护情况下土钉墙的变形规律,提出了基坑变形参数的估计范围,并就土钉墙基坑支护设计优化提出了建议,对市区此类工程建设具有一定参考价值。     

A systematic study on spatial and seasonal patterns of eight taste and odor compounds with relation to various biotic and abiotic parameters in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu, China

A systematic study was conducted on seasonal and spatial patterns of taste and odor (T&O) compounds with relation to biotic and abiotic parameters at fifteen sites in Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu in 2008. We developed a sensitive and automated method to simultaneously analyze eight T&O compounds (boiling points ranging from 38 °C to 239 °C) by using Purge-and-Trap (P&T) coupled with GC/MS. Maximum particulate dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS, 69.6 ng/L) exceeded its odor threshold concentrations (OTC, 10 ng/L) and maximum dissolved DMTS was 6.1 ng/L, but still far below concentration in the drinking water pollution incident of Wuxi City in 2007 when DMTS reached 1768-11,399 ng/L. Geosmin (GEO), 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), β-cyclocitral, β-ionone and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) occasionally or frequently exceeded their OTCs, whereas 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) did not. We found for the first time significant correlations between particulate β-cyclocitral and β-ionon concentrations and intracellular and extracellular microcystin concentrations. Spatially, Nanquan Waterworks faced more risk by T&O contamination than Xidong Waterworks. High concentrations of NO₃-N, TDN and TN could be risky signs of taste and odor events by DMS, DMTS, IPMP, IBMP and GEO.     

Investigation on flexural behavior of pretensioned prestressed steel strand high strength concrete large-diameter pipe piles

为研究大直径钢绞线管桩的受弯性能，对3根不同直径钢绞线桩进行足尺试验、理论分析和有限元模拟，对比研究了大直径钢绞线桩的开裂弯矩、裂缝开展及分布、受弯承载力、变形延性和破坏特征等。结果表明：大直径钢绞线桩受弯破坏时受压区高强混凝土压溃，截面中心轴以下钢绞线都达到屈服强度，具有较高的受弯承载力和良好的变形延性；理论分析方法能够较好地预测大直径钢绞线桩的受弯承载力；建立的有限元模型可以合理地模拟大直径钢绞线桩的受弯性能，模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

海南电网分布式光伏消纳能力评估

利用DIgSILENT/PowerFactory仿真软件,从电能质量、经济运行、继电保护等方面研究了分布式光伏接入对海南电网的影响。基于系统的安全经济运行约束,对海南电网常见典型接线形式的多种运行方式进行了消纳能力评估。结果表明,各类典型配电网的消纳能力为相应配电网峰荷的20%~40%;制约配电网消纳光伏发电的主要因素为中压配电网功率因数下降和低压配电网三相不平衡。     

弹性电网及其恢复力的基本概念与研究展望

恢复力是系统对扰动事件抵御、适应以及快速恢复的能力。随着全球自然灾害逐渐增多以及反恐意识的增强,构建对极端扰动事件具有恢复力的"弹性电网"已成为各国政府着力发展的国家战略,同时智能电网的快速发展也为弹性电网的研究提供了新的机遇。文中详细介绍了弹性电网及其恢复力的基本概念与各国的研究现状,并从弹性电网需要应对的扰动事件、评估理论、恢复力提升策略等方面入手,详细分析弹性电网及其恢复力研究方向和重点,以及在智能电网框架下构建弹性电网的具体措施。最后对弹性电网研究进行了展望,提出了进一步深入研究的方向。     

基于Ansys的电磁系统温度场仿真技术研究

电磁系统的发热是带来控制与保护开关电器温升的主要因素,对其电磁系统进行了温度场仿真。对电磁系统各部分的发热做了分析计算,同时试验测量了在主回路不通电情况下电磁系统各部分的温度,与仿真结果进行比较,验证理论和仿真分析的正确性。